Supported by the European Union – through FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION: consortium Platform for European Preparation against Emerging (Re) Epidemics (PREPARE) (602525); and the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program: Rapid European Covid-19 Emergency Research response consortium (RECOVER) (101003589) – and by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1101719), the Health Research Council of New Zealand (16/631 ), a Canadian Institute for Health Research Strategy to Grant the Innovative Patient-Oriented Clinical Trials Program (158584), the UK NIHR and the NIHR Imperial Center for Biomedical Research, the Irish Health Research Council (CTN 2014-012), the UPMC Learning While Doing Program, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-20-0147), the Minderoo Foundation, Amgen, Eisai, the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research and the Wellcome Trust Innovations Project (215522). Dr. Gordon is funded by an NIHR Research Professorship (RP-2015-06-18) and Dr. Shankar-Hari by an NIHR Clinician Scientist Fellowship (CS-2016-16-011).
The disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
The members of the writing committee are: Anthony C. Gordon, MB, BS, MD, Paul R. Mouncey, M.Sc., Farah Al-Beidh, Ph.D., Kathryn M. Rowan, Ph.D. , Alistair D. Nichol, MD, Ph.D., Yaseen M. Arabi, MD, Djillali Annane, MD, Ph.D., Abi Beane, Ph.D., Wilma van Bentum-Puijk, M.Sc., Lindsay R. Berry, Ph.D., Zahra Bhimani, MPH, Marc JM Bonten, MD, Ph.D., Charlotte A. Bradbury, MB, Ch.B., Ph.D., Frank M. Brunkhorst, MD, Ph .D .D., Adrian Buzgau, M.Sc., Allen C. Cheng, MB, BS, Ph.D., Michelle A. Detry, Ph.D., Eamon J. Duffy, B.Pharm., Lise J. Estcourt, MB, B.Ch., Ph.D., Mark Fitzgerald, Ph.D., Herman Goossens, Ph.D., Rashan Haniffa, Ph.D., Alisa M. Higgins, Ph.D., Thomas E. Hills, Ph.D., Christopher M. Horvat, MD, François Lamontagne, MD, Patrick R. Lawler, MD, MPH, Helen L. Leavis, MD, Ph.D., Kelsey M. Linstrum, MS, Edward Litton, MD, Ph.D., Elizabeth Lorenzi, Ph.D., John C. Marshall, MD, Florian B. Mayr, MD, MPH, Daniel F. McAuley, MD, Anna McGlothlin, Ph.D., Shay P. McGuinness, MD, Br yan J. McVerry, MD, Stephanie K. Montgomery, M.Sc., Susan C. Morpeth, MD, Ph.D., Srinivas Murthy, MD, Katrina Orr, B.Pharm., Rachael L. Parke, Ph.D ., Jane C. Parker, BN, Asad E. Patanwala, Pharm.D., MPH, Ville Pettilä, MD, Emma Rademaker, MD, Marlene S. Santos, MD, MSHS, Christina T. Saunders, Ph.D., Christopher W. Seymour, MD, Manu Shankar-Hari, MD, Ph.D., Wendy I. Sligl, MD, Alexis F. Turgeon, MD, Anne M. Turner, MPH, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, MD, Ph D., Ryan Zarychanski, MD, Cameron Green, M.Sc., Roger J. Lewis, MD, Ph.D., Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, Colin J. McArthur, MD, Scott Berry, Ph. D., Steve A. Webb, MD, Ph.D., and Lennie PG Derde, MD, Ph.D.
The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) or the Department of Health and Social Assistance.
This article was published on February 25, 2021, at NEJM.org.
A data sharing statement provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
We thank the teams of the NIHR Clinical Research Network (United Kingdom), UPMC Health System Health Services Division (United States) and the Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (France) for supporting the recruiting participants.